1. Anofuratira huremu hunorema hwekushandisa

Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira viscosity uye yakasviba fluidity yemafuta anorema, inounza matambudziko mazhinji ekushandisa. Kuti ushandise mafuta anorema aya, dzimwe nguva zvinofanirwa kujowa aqueous solution yevanoshanda mumutsime kushandura yakakwira-viscosity mafuta anorema kuita yakaderera-viscosity mafuta-mune-mvura emulsion uye kuipomba iyo kumusoro. Masurfactants anoshandiswa mune ino gobvu yemafuta emulsification uye nzira yekudzora viscosity inosanganisira sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Ethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulphate sodium munyu, nezvimwewo. inoda kupatsanura mvura uye kushandisa mamwe maindasitiri anoshanda sevashushi ekushomeka kwemvura. Aya anodzvinyirira emvura-mu-mafuta emulsifiers. Inowanzo shandiswa ndeye cationic surfactants kana naphthenic acid, asphaltene acid uye yavo yakawanda polvalent simbi. Kune yakakosha mafuta anorema, zvakajairika kupomba yeyuniti yekubvisa nzira haigone kushandiswa, uye jekiseni jekiseni rinodikanwa kuti kupisa kwemafuta. Kuti uvandudze iyo yekupisa yekudzoreredza mhedzisiro, vanoshanda kumeso vanodiwa. Kubaya furo mukati mejekiseni remhepo zvakanaka, ndiko kuti, kubaya-kupisa tembiricha inoputa uye isina-kugadzikana gasi ndiyo imwe yedzinowanzoshandiswa modulation nzira.

Anowanzo shandiswa achipupa furo maalkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether uye sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, anokosha gemini surfactants, nezvimwe. Nekuti fluorine-ine ma surfactants ane akanyanya epamusoro chiitiko uye akatsiga kune acid, alkali , okisijeni, kupisa uye mafuta, fluorine-ine ma surfactant akakodzera akanyanya-tembiricha achipupa furo. Kuitira kuti mafuta akapararira ave nyore kupfuura nepore huro chimiro chekuumbwa, kana kuita kuti mafuta ari pamusoro pechimiro ave nyore kuburitswa kunze, zvinodikanwa kushandisa anoshanda-anoshanda anonzi mutete firimu inoparadzira mumiririri. Inowanzo shandiswa ndeye gemini surfactants uye alkylated phenolic resins.

2. Kushandiswa kweoxy crude oiri ine ma surfactant kunoda kudzora wakisi uye kubvisa wax. Vashandisi vanoita sewa wax inhibitors uye vanobvisa wax. Oiri-inogadziriswa masevhisi uye anogadziriswa nemvura anoshandiswa kudzivirira wax. Iyo yekutanga inoita basa rekudzivirira wakisi nekushandura zvimiro zvewakisi kristaro pamusoro. Inowanzo shandiswa mafuta-akanyungudika ma surfactants ndeye petroleum sulfonates uye amine surfactants. Vanogadzirisa mvura vanogadzira mvura vanoita basa rekudzivirira wakisi nekushandura zvivakwa zvekuisa (zvakadai setubhu, tsvimbo dzesucker nemidziyo yemidziyo). Vanoshanda vanoshanda vanoshanda ndeye sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium munyu, alkane polyoxyethylene ether, inonhuhwirira polyoxyethylene ether uye yavo sodium sulfonate munyu. Surfactants yekubvisa wakisi zvakare akapatsanurwa kuita maviri mativi, oiri-inogadziriswa yemafuta-yakavakirwa wakisi inobvisa, mvura-inogadziriswa solubonate mhando, quaternary ammonium munyu mhando, polyether mhando, Tween mhando, OP mhando surfactant, Sulfate ester munyu kana sulfonated yakati sandara yekuwedzera mhando uye OP mhando ma surfactant anoshandiswa semvura-yakavakirwa wakisi inobvisa. Mumakore achangopfuura, vese vekumba uye mhiri kwemakungwa vakasanganisa kubviswa kwe wax nekudzivirira, pamwe neoiri-yakabviswa wakisi inobvisa uye mvura-yakadzika yekubvisa wakisi, kuburitsa musanganiswa wewakisi. Iyi wax inobvisa mumiririri inoshandisa anonhuwirira mahydrocarbon uye akasanganiswa anonhuwirira mahydrocarbon sechikamu chemafuta, uye emulsifier ine wakisi kubvisa basa sedanho remvura. Kana iyo inosarudzwa emulsifier iri nonionic surfactant ine yakakodzera gore poindi, inogona kuitirwa kuti isvike kana kupfuudza gore rayo poindi patembiricha pazasi pechikamu chekutsveta chetsime remafuta, kuitira kuti musanganiswa wewakisi unobvisa anogona Asati apinda muchikamu chekukwirisa, iyo emulsion yakaputsika, uye marudzi maviri ewakisi anobvisa vamiririri akapatsanurwa, uye vanoita basa rekubvisa wakisi panguva imwe chete.

3.Surfactant anoshandiswa kudzikamisa ivhu

Iyo yakasimbiswa ivhu chinhu chinodzivirira ivhu zvicherwa kubva kuzvimba uye zvinodzivirira ivhu zvicherwa zvidimbu kubva kutama. Inogona kushandiswa kudzivirira ivhu kubva pakuzvimba, senge amine munyu mhando, quaternary ammonium munyu mhando, pyridine munyu mhando, imidazoline munyu uye zvimwe cationic vanoshanda. Asinga-ionic-cationic vanoshanda vane fluorine varipo kudzivirira kutama kwevhu revhu zvicherwa.

4. Masurfactants anoshandiswa mumatanho eacidification

Kuti uvandudze iyo acidification mhedzisiro, akasiyana siyana ekuwedzera anowanzo kuwedzerwa kune acid mhinduro. Chero ani anoshanda anokwanisa kuenderana neacid uye nyore kushambadza neyakaumbwa anogona kushandiswa seacidification retarder. Zvakadai semafuta amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium munyu, pyridine munyu mune cationic surfactants uye polyoxyethylene sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate yakarungwa kana sulphate yakarungwa mune amphoteric surfactants Base phenol ether zvichingodaro. Vamwe vanoshanda muma surfactant, senge dodecyl sulfonic acid uye ayo alkyl amine munyu, vanogona emulsify iyo acid mumafuta kuburitsa acid-mu-mafuta emulsion. Iyi emulsion inoshandiswa se acidification maindasitiri emvura uye zvakare ine inononoka mhedzisiro.

Mamwe ma surfactant anogona kushandiswa seanorwisa-emulsifiers ezvinwiwa zvine acid. Masurfactants ane matavi akaumbwa senge polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether uye polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine inogona kushandiswa seacidification anti-emulsifiers. Mamwe ma surfactants anogona kushandiswa seyamuro yekupedza, senge amine munyu mhando, quaternary ammonium munyu mhando, pyridine munyu mhando, isiri-ionic, amphoteric uye fluorinated surfactants.