1. Solubility yemvura

Nekuti pane polar bond N → 0 mune amine oxide molecule, uye dipole nguva iri 4.38D, mukomboni une hunhu hwepamusoro polarity uye yakakwira utsotso nzvimbo. Iyo inonyungudika nyore nyore mumapolar solvents senge mvura uye yakaderera alcohol, asi zvisingaite soluble Kune asiri-polar solvents akadai semaminerari mafuta uye benzene.

Mune aqueous solution, amine oxide inowanikwa mune hombe muchimiro chehydrate (R1R2R3NO · XH2O), asi nekuchinja kwepH kukosha, iyo polarity inochinja. Semuenzaniso, mune alkaline solution ine pH> 7, inonyanya anionic surfactant. . Nekudaro, mune mhinduro acidic paPH <3, amine oxides anonyanya kuvapo muchimiro checations [R1R2R3NOH] +. Iyo aqueous solution yeamine oxide ine isina kusimba oxidizing zvivakwa, uye inoshandiswa muzvizoro kuita kuti ganda rive jena.

2. Basa repamusoro

(1) Pamusoro makakatanwa: Mushure mekuwedzera amine oxide, iko kunetsekana kwemvura kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, kumeso kwemvura yakachena ndeye 72.80 × 10-3N / m. Iko kunetsekana kwepamhepo kune yakakosha micelle yevasungwa (cmc) yemarudzi akasiyana amine oxides ingangoita 30 × 10-3N / m. Pa cmc, iko kunetsekana kwepamusoro kweamine oxide kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura kweiyo quaternary ammonium munyu, saka chiitiko chepamusoro cheamine oxide chiri nani pane che quaternary ammonium munyu.

(2) Kushatiswa: Kana amine oxide yakasanganiswa neAES kana AS, ine simba rekudyidzana, asi ikasanganiswa neLAS, maitiro ayo ekubatana haana kunaka. Chigadzirwa chekushambidza lipstick inoshandisa 12% fatty acid (C12: C18 = 12: 1), 13% isiri-ionic surfactant, 12% LAS. Kana imwe huwandu hweamine oxide yakawedzerwa, iyo yekuchenesa mhedzisiro ichave yakanaka kwazvo.

(3) Emulsifying simba: Emulsifying simba chiratidzo chekuyera mhando yeemulsifiers. Semuenzaniso, emulsify iyo amine oxide aqueous solution uye petroleum solvent pasi pemamiriro akafanana pa70 ° C, wozoona shanduko yehoriyamu mushure meemulsification. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti mune amine oxide homologs, emulsification kugona inowedzera pamwe nekuwedzera kwenhamba yekabhoni yeboka refu-cheni alkyl boka. Chimwe chimiro cheamine oxide seye emulsifier ndeyekuti inogona emulsify mune yakawanda pH tsika, kunyanya mune acidic midhiya, inogona kuenderana nequaternary ammonium cations seyekuchengetedza uye mabhakitiriya, kwete chete haizovhare Iyo anti-ngura kuita kwe iyo inochengetedza, uye inogona kusimudzira mashandiro ayo ekurwisa-ngura, ayo asingasviki kune vamwe vasiri-ionic vanoshanda.

(4) Inopupuma furo uye kugadzikana kwefuro: Amine oxide inonyatsoshanda furo kugadzikana mumiririri, inowanzoshandiswa mukuwachisa zvinwiwa kana kuwacha kusuka ndiro. Chigadzirwa chine muyero we1% kusvika ku5% chine hunyoro hwekuita, hapana kutsamwa kumeso, uye kuramba mvura yakaoma. Iyo ine kuita kwakanaka, uye furo iri kumusoro mumvura yakaoma ine pH = 9, 300mg / kg. Kana mafuta akadhakwa sodium sulfate (AS) yakasanganiswa neamine oxide, furo rizere uye rakagadzikana, kunyangwe paine mafuta, haizoshanduke. Naizvozvo, inowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete neanionic inoshanda vamiririri senge LAS, AS, AES, SAS, nezvimwewo, uye ine yakanaka yekurwisa kutsamwa. Iyo furo inogadzirwa neamine oxide ine kirimu inonzwa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumashampoos uye zvigadzirwa zvekugeza.

(5) Thickening effect: Amine oxide has a good thickening effect. For example, the mass fraction of amine oxide mixed with AES (1:9) is 15% active substance solution (the following% are all mass fractions), in an acid medium , Even with little salt, the thickening effect is obvious, and it is mild and has good conditioning. Amine oxide 4.5%, AES 8.5%, NaCl 4%, pH=8, viscosity (20°C) up to 7Pa·s, cloud point <-5°C, but for the solubilization and thickening of shampoo, the carbon atom is preferably C14. The thickening effect of amine oxide can also be used in high alkaline bleach (9% C12, 0.5% NaOH, 4% Na2CO3, a small amount of amine oxide), 10% HCl solution added 1.5% dihydroxyethyl tallow base Amine oxide and 1.5% tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride can increase the consistency to 1Pa·S.

Kana iko kusunganidzwa kweamine oxide inodarika imwe nhanho, chikamu chakakora chepakati chinoumbwa. Kunyangwe iyo tembiricha ikawedzerwa, haigone kuchinjirwa kune isotropic nhanho nhare. Naizvozvo, apo amine oxide inogadzirwa, kazhinji ingangoita 30% aqueous solution inogona kuwanikwa, izvo zvinonetsa kuwana Kune zvigadzirwa zvine huwandu hwakanyanya, anionic surfactants inofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuwana yakanyanya kuwanda kweamonium oxide zvigadzirwa.

） 4, kugarisana nema anionic surfactants

Iko kuita kweamine oxide amphoteric surfactants ine hunyoro. Anionic surfactants uye amine oxides anoshandiswa muhuwandu hwakawanda hwesipo yekugadzira kudzora kutsamwa kweanionic surfactants uye kuwana akakosha mhedzisiro. Kana iko kusunganidzwa kweamine oxide yakaderera pane cmc, kusanganisa neanionic surfactants kugadzira anion uye cations kuchawedzera pH yemvura, iyo inokonzereswa neprotonation tendero yeamine oxide; pa cmc, iwo maviri mafomu akasanganiswa micelles; yakakwira At cmc, iyo yakaumbwa anion uye cation munyu inogadziriswa mune yakasanganiswa micelles.

Kana pH≥8, amine oxide inoratidza non-ionic hunhu uye inogona kusanganiswa ne anion; kana pH≤8, kuenderana nema anion kuchizogadzira nzvimbo isingabatike, zvichikonzera kunaya; kana pH≤6, iwo maviri akaumbirwa muyero yakakodzera. Iyo amine oxide uye anionic surfactant inosangana kugadzira anion-cation vaviri kuti vagadzire yakajeka gadziriso. Panguva ino, iyo anion-cation munyu inogadziriswa mune yakawandisa surfactant micelles. Kana dimethyl amine oxide ikashandiswa panzvimbo ye dimethyl amine oxide, kuenderana kunenge kuri nani; kana ikatsiviwa neamine oxide ine polyoxyethylene ether zvikamu, mhedzisiro yacho ichave yakanakisa.

(5) Physiological huturu

Amine oxide chinhu chisina chepfu kana chepasi-chepfu. Iko kushambadzira stock mhinduro ine yekutanga kutsamwa kune ganda retsuro, uye maziso ari zvine mwero anotsamwisa. Pane 2% yevasungwa, hapana kutsamwa; yakapihwa chikafu uye yakaputirwa nealkyl dimethyl kwemakore maviri. Amine oxide, hapana carcinogenesis inokonzerwa neamine oxide yakawanikwa. Iyo biodegradability yeamine oxide yakanaka, 88% inogona kudzikiswa mushure memasvondo maviri uye 93% mumasvondo mana. Amine oxide yakanyanya isiri-chepfu uye ine yakanyanya kutsamwa kuganda nemeso. Sekureva kweshumo weKLein: Iyo LD50 yeamine oxide ndeye 2000mg / kg ～ 6000mg / kg, iyo inenge yakaenzana neLD50 yetafura yemunyu we4000mg / kg. Kana yakasanganiswa nezvimwe zvinoshanda, amine oxide ine anti-yekutsamwisa zvimiro uye inogona kushandiswa mune anti-dandruff shampoo yekudzora kutsamwa kweZPT. Uye zvakare, mune acidic shampoos uye acidic mhinduro, amine oxide inogona kudyidzana nemapoka e carboxyl pane bvudzi uye ganda makona. Inogona kugadzirisa bvudzi, kudzikisa flutter, nyore kunyorova muzinga, uye nekuvandudza hukasha hweganda.

(6) Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya

Alkyl amine oxide ine chimwe chinhu chinorwisa mabhakitiriya, asi hachisvike kune yakasimba bactericidal zvimiro zvequaternary ammonium munyu. Nekudaro, zvigadzirwa zvefomula zvine amine oxide zvine yavo antiseptic zvivakwa, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kukura kweforoma nekuchengetedza zviitiko zvepamusoro mukugadzirisa mhinduro. . Mamwe makemikari amine oxides anotaridza yakakwira bactericidal zvivakwa, uye anoshandiswa musipo semabactericidal deodorants, uye kunyangwe iodine-ine mabactericides akagadzirwa kuwedzera iyo solubility uye kugadzikana kwe ayodini, uye inoita basa mukuvharisa uye kuwirirana. Pakati pavo, mhedzisiro ye dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide pakudzivirira kukura kweStaphylococcus aureus yakaenzana neiyo inowirirana cationic surfactant, nepo iyo sterilization mhedzisiro yemamwe amine oxides ari mashoma.

(7) Antistatic

Amine oxide ine yakakwira hygroscopicity uye ionization maitiro, uye inogona kuumba inoitisa inoenderera firimu pamusoro pefaera kana nebwe, saka ine yakanakisa antistatic zvivakwa. Inofananidzwa nemamwe antistatic vamiririri, chinhu chayo chikuru ndechekuchinja nehunyoro hwezvakatipoteredza, Iyo antistatic mhedzisiro ine shanduko diki, uye inoratidza yakanaka antistatic kuita kunyangwe pazasi peunyoro. Amine oxide zvakare ine kumwe kutsiga kwemafuta uye kugona kwakanaka, inogona kuenderana neanowanzo gadzira, emulsifiers uye mamwe maanististatic vamiririri, uye iri nyore kushandisa.

(8) Antioxidant

Amine oxide haingagone kuvapo musarudzo ye hypochlorite iri yoga, asi zvakare inobatsira vamwe vanogadzikana kugadzikisa hypochlorite, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu sterilization uye disinfection detergents.