1. Ongororo

Amphoteric surfactants anoreva ese maviri cationic hydrophilic mapoka uye anionic hydrophobic mapoka mune mamorekuru mamiriro, ayo anogona kuve ionized mune aqueous mhinduro uye kuratidza hunhu hweanionic surfactants pasi peimwe yepakati mamiriro, asi pasi peimwe yepakati mamiriro Icho chikamu chevanoshanda kuratidza hunhu hwecationic surfactants.

Betaine-mhando amphoteric surfactants inoreva kirasi yemakemikari ane chimiro chakafanana neicho chechisikigo chigadzirwa betaine. Iyo kemikari zita re betaine ndeye trimethylammonium acetate. Icho chigadzirwa chechisikigo chakawanikwa neScheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) uye chakaparadzaniswa nemuto webeet. Scheibler inonzi betaine beta-in mushure mezita rayo rechiLatin beta vulgaris.

Muna 1876, Bruhl akatora izwi rekuti betaine uye akataura kuti makomputa ane zvimiro zvakafanana sezvigadzirwa zvepanyama zvinonzi "betets", Ndeapi betaine-mhando amphoteric surfactants." Betaine mhando amphoteric surfactants inogona kukamurwa kuita carboxylic acid mhando, sulfonic acid mhando, sulphate mhando, sulfite mhando, phosphate mhando, phosphite mhando, phosphonic acid mhando uye phosphonite mhando maererano nerudzi rweasidhi boka. . Parizvino, kutsvagurudzwa kwemudzimba kune betaine surfactants kuri kushanda. Pakati pavo, carboxylic acid mhando, sulfonic acid mhando uye phosphate mhando zvigadzirwa zvakataurwa zvimwe.

Mazhinji emahofisi akanaka ekuchaja e betaine-mhando amphoteric surfactants anotsigirwa paquaternary ammonium N maatomu, nepo nzvimbo dzisina kunaka dzekuchaja dzinotsigirwa pamapoka easidhi asina kunaka. Musiyano uripo pakati pe betaine-mhando amphoteric surfactants uye mamwe amphoteric surfactants ndeyekuti nekuda kwekuvapo kwequaternary ammonium nitrogen mumorekuru, hazvizovapo nenzira yeanionic surfactants mune alkaline mhinduro. Mune akasiyana pH maseru, betaine-mhando amphoteric surfactants inongovapo chete muchimiro che zwitterionic kana cationic surfactants. Naizvozvo, munzvimbo yezisoelectric, betaine amphoteric surfactants haina kufanana nekudzikira kwakanyanya mukusimba senge mamwe amphoteric surfactants ane isina kusimba nitrogen.

Betaine mhando amphoteric surfactants zvakare akasiyana neacationic surfactants. Vamwe vaongorori (Beckett AH 1963) vanotenda kuti inofanirwa kuverengerwa se "quaternary ammonium salt amphoteric surfactant"; Moore CD (1960) inotenda kuti inofanirwa kuverengerwa se "quaternary ammonium salt surfactant". Kusiyana necationic surfactants senge "yekunze quaternary ammonium salt surfactants", betaine-mhando amphoteric surfactants inogona kushandiswa mukubatana ne anionic surfactants uye haigadzike "emagetsi kwazvakarerekera" makomponi.

Betaine-mhando amphoteric surfactants chikamu chakakosha cheamphoteric vanoshanda. Iyo ine inoenderana inoenderana ne anionic, cationic uye nonionic surfactants, ine yakanakisa synergistic mhedzisiro, uye iri munyoro muchimiro. Iyo ine yakanaka antistatic zvivakwa, bactericidal zvivakwa, anticorrosive zvivakwa, uye iri nyore nyore kuora. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemakemikari yezuva nezuva. Nekudzika kwekutsvaga, mamwe betaine-mhando ma surfactants anozogadzirwa uye kuiswa.

2. Kutsvagurudza kufambira mberi kwe betaine-mhando amphoteric surfactants

Kare 1869, Liebreich O. akashandisa trimethylamine kugadzirira betaine; muna 1937, yekutanga patent mushumo weamphoteric surfactants yakaonekwa muUnited Kingdom, uye muna 1940 DuPont yakashuma yekutanga betaine series (Betaine) amphoteric surfactants. Kubva ipapo, nyika dzakasiyana dzakatanga kutsvaga nekuvandudza amphoteric surfactants anosanganisira betaine macomputer. Nekuwedzera kwekushandisa kwebetaine surfactants, kumhanya kwekutsvagisa mundima iyi kuri kuwedzerawo. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvitsva zvakagadzirwa.

Xu Jinyun et al. yakagadzirirwa octadecyl betaine ine octadecyl tertiary amine, chloroacetic acid, uye sodium hydroxide sezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, uye kuyedza kumeso kwayo kwepamusoro, antistatic zvivakwa, emulsifying zvivakwa uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa. Base betaine yakaenzaniswa. Zhang Li nevamwe vakaitawo kutsvagisa pamusoro pechimiro chemakemikari weiyi inogadzikana, senge kusanzwisisika kwepasirese, microemulsion uye masisitimu echimiro.

Chen Zonggang nevamwe vakapindura ne stearic acid uye triethanolamine kuti vagadzire triethanolamine stearate, uye vakadzora huwandu hweanogadzira kuti agadzire chigadzirwa kunyanya dhiziri, uye ndokuzoita nequaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate kuburitsa triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. Uyu anoshanda anokwanisa kushandiswa seanopfavisa mumiririri wekudhinda nekudhaya. Kupfava kwayo kuri padyo neamino silicone mafuta, kuchena kwayo uye kunyorova zviri nani pane amino silicone mafuta, uye zviri nyore kuora. Icho chigadzirwa chakatipoteredza.

FangYiwen etal. synthesized lauroamidopropyl betaine neN, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine uye sodium chloroacetate sezvinhu zvakagadzirwa. Chigadzirwa chine yakakwirira inopupuma furo, kugadzikana kwekupupa uye kusimbisa zvivakwa. , Kugarisana kwakanaka nezvimwe zvinhu mu shampoo.

Chen Hongling et al. synthesized maviri sulfoimidazolinebetets kushandisa sodium 2-bromoethyl sulfonate seye hydrophilic base zvinhu uye alkyl imidazoline uye vakaedza yavo yepanyama uye yemakemikari zvivakwa. Iyo fomura fomati inotevera.

Jiang Liubo inowana N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine nekubvisa sodium chloride kubva kune sodium l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate uye lauramide dimethylpropylamine kuburikidza nekuita, imwe neimwe Zviratidziro zvehunyanzvi zvinowirirana nezvakatumirwa kunze zita-zita zvigadzirwa. Iyo ine hunyoro hwekuita, yakaderera kwazvo kutsamwa, yakapfuma uye yakanaka furo, uye yakanakisa mvura kuramba uye sterilization.

Nonglanping inoshandisa dodecanol, epichlorohydrin, chloroethanol uye dimethylamine sezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, uye P2O5 se phosphorylation reagent, uye zita rekugadzira iri 2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

Cen Bo et al. yakaparadzaniswa uye yakanatswa dehydroabietylamine kubva kune isina kuenzaniswa rosin amine, uye ndokugadzira synthesized N-dehydroabietyl-N kuburikidza neN, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine sechinhu chisina kugadzirwa. N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine uye kloride yaro mhando mbiri nyowani we betaine amphoteric surfactants.

 

Wang Jun et al. synthesized the betaine type amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine with epichlorohydrin, sodium bisulfite and tertiary dodecyl amine as raw materials, Mamiriro ezvinhu akagadziridzwa.

 

Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co, Ltd. yakagadzirira maviri matsva betaine-mhando amphoteric surfactants ane polyoxyethylene cheni dhizaini nekuita alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl tertiary amine ine chloroacetic acid kana chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Ziva kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.

 

Nyika dzekunze dzichiri padanho rekutungamira mumunda we betaine surfactants, uye ravo rekutsvagisa nekusimudzira basa rinokodzera kutariswa kwakazara uye bhuku rekudzidza. Semuenzaniso, Chew, CH, nezvimwewo zvakagadzira betaine-type surfactant polymer AUDMAA ine acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol uye aminoacetic acid. Yayo yakaoma micelle kusangana pa 24 ℃ ndeye 9.42 × 10-3mol / L. Iyo polymerization yekumisikidza simba iri 50.2kJ / mol. Furuno Takeshi et al. synthesized maviri matsva betaine-mhando surfactants N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine uye N- (fatty acid ester) ethyl- ine tarot mafuta mafuta asidi seyakasvibirira. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

Mumakore achangopfuura, kwave kune zvakawanda zvinogutsa zviitiko mune zvepanyama uye zvemakemikari zvimiro zve betaine surfactants. Semuenzaniso: YousukeOne, nezvimwe (dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, oleic acid) -dimethyl betaine chidzidzo, iyo dielectric maitiro eiyo micellar mhinduro ye betaine surfactant yakadzidzwa. Izvo hazvina chekuita nekusunganidzwa kwema micelles, uye simba rekuzorodza yeamphoteric surfactant mhinduro inoshanduka zvinoenderana neiyo kusangana, iyo yakafanana neaminoglycolato betaine iyo ine betaine chemakemikari dhizaini asi isiri inogadzira mvura. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti micelle pamusoro peiyo amphoteric surfactant zvakare ine imwecheteyo pakarepo dipole nguva seye glycine betaine mhinduro.